Signature Malleability Risk Explainer

WHAT IT DOES

Signature Malleability Risk Explainer is a read-only tool that analyzes transaction and off-chain signatures for malleability vulnerabilities and generates AI-powered plain-language explanations of signature risks. It reads transaction signature values (v, r, s), chain ID, nonce, transaction hash, public key recovery data, signature normalization status, contract signature verification logic (if any), EIP-2 and EIP-2098 compliance status, elliptic curve parameters, transaction origin, signature length, signature format, replay protection status, and cached signature transactions. The tool then presents this data alongside an AI-generated explanation of whether a signature is vulnerable to malleability attacks, how an attacker could mutate the signature while maintaining validity, and recommended mitigation strategies — helping you avoid relying on malleable signatures for authorization.

HOW TO USE

Connect your wallet using the BGWallet bridge and select your target network. Enter a transaction hash or raw signature data you want to analyze. Optionally enter a message hash for off-chain signatures. Click "Analyze signature" to read on-chain data. The tool displays the signature hash, chain ID, nonce, malleability risk (Safe or Vulnerable), EIP-2 compliance, and EIP-2098 compliance. A prominent warning banner appears if a vulnerability is detected. Detailed information includes v, r, and s values, recovered public key, sender address, signature format, normalization status, replay protection status, contract verification logic, and cached signature status. A recommendation box provides specific protective measures. An AI explanation appears below the on-chain data, analyzing whether the transaction or signature is vulnerable to signature malleability attacks, explaining how an attacker could mutate the signature while maintaining validity, and recommending mitigation strategies before you rely on the signature for authorization. The wallet's own signature step still protects you — this explanation is informational only and does not replace reviewing what you approve in your wallet.

TECHNICAL MECHANISM

The tool uses ethers.js v5.7.2 with the provider from the BGWallet bridge to read on-chain signature data. No hardcoded contract addresses are used — you are always in control of which contract you trust. When analyzing signature malleability, the tool reads the transaction signature values (v, r, s) from the transaction object via ethers's transaction parsing, reads the chain ID from the signature (extracted from the v value), reads the nonce from the transaction, reads the transaction hash from the user input or computed from the transaction, recovers the public key from the signature via ethers.utils.recoverPublicKey(), checks signature normalization status by verifying whether the s value is less than or equal to N/2 (the elliptic curve order), reads contract signature verification logic (if a contract address is provided) via the contract's interface or bytecode analysis, checks EIP-2 compliance by verifying that the s value meets the requirement (s ≤ N/2), checks EIP-2098 compliance by checking if the signature uses the compact format (v = 27 or 28 for standard, or v = 0 for compact), reads elliptic curve parameters from the secp256k1 curve, reads transaction origin from the transaction's sender address, reads signature length from the signature data, reads signature format (standard 65-byte, compact 64-byte, or ERC-2098), reads replay protection status from the chain ID inclusion, and reads cached signature transactions from the transaction cache (if available). The data is formatted and passed to the AI bridge via BGAI.generate() with a structured prompt that includes all the on-chain data read. The AI is instructed to analyze whether the transaction or signature is vulnerable to signature malleability attacks, explain how an attacker could mutate the signature while maintaining validity, and recommend mitigation strategies — while stating plainly that it cannot detect signature malleability in contracts that implement custom verification logic beyond standard ECDSA, and cannot verify that a signature's normalized form will be accepted by all chains. The AI response is capped at 1,024 tokens to ensure concise, focused signature risk assessments. All computed values are guarded against negative numbers — if a signature value or chain ID appears invalid, the tool flags it rather than displaying nonsensical values.

WHAT IT CANNOT SEE

This tool cannot detect signature malleability in contracts that implement custom verification logic beyond standard ECDSA. It cannot verify that a signature's normalized form will be accepted by all chains. It cannot detect off-chain signature storage, reuse, or misuse beyond on-chain transaction signatures. The AI explanation is generated from on-chain data only and cannot detect custom verification logic, proxy pattern complexities, or off-chain signature reuse. It cannot predict whether a malicious actor will exploit a malleable signature on another chain. The tool does not continuously monitor signature risks; each analysis is a snapshot at the time of the lookup. It cannot detect delayed signature reuse, off-chain storage vulnerabilities, or stale signature data. The tool does not store any data persistently; all state is in-memory and resets on reload. The AI explanation is informational and does not constitute financial advice, legal advice, or a guarantee of signature safety or protection.

PLEASE NOTE

Signature Malleability Risk Explainer works exclusively with EVM-compatible chains. It requires a Web3 wallet (MetaMask or similar) and the BGWallet bridge. Explanations are AI-generated from data the app reads on-chain — always review what you are actually signing in your wallet before approving it. Signature malleability attacks carry significant risk including unauthorized transaction execution, loss of funds, and unexpected contract behavior. Use this tool as a guide only; always cross-check with EIP specifications and independent security resources for critical decisions. This is experimental software; use at your own risk.